Major project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Significant undertaking - Research Paper Example The motivation behind this assessment is to decide the progressions that ought to be made so as to lessen the cost and protect laborers. The four level models of Kirkpatrick will be utilized to plan and execute the assessment. The various strategies for information assortment and investigation utilized in the proposed assessment plan are additionally clarified in the paper. Assessment of a Successful Fire Extinguishing Training Program Background Panorama Firefighters Company is a philanthropic association that looks to help the fire casualties with different guide programs. The primary target of the organization is to complete different capacities planned for controlling the spread of fire and offering fundamental types of assistance to the people in question. The organization gives different fire concealment frameworks that help to control the spread of fire once it happens. The fundamental capacity of the organization is to react rapidly to the structures and structures that are a blaze so as to stifle the fire before it causes serious harms. The organization has workplaces in twenty-five American states so as to offer types of assistance to the fire casualties in these states. The event of fire couldn't be conceivable to anticipate, and this makes it important to have different fire insurance administrations can't be gotten to without any problem. Because of the fast increments in the quantity of cases that include fire flare-ups, the organization has built up numerous focuses in different urban areas so as to empower them to react rapidly to the circumstance. The rising interest has empowered the five-year old organization to develop massively. The organization as of now has 900 workers with the upper degree of the board, comprising of fifty individuals. Different representatives incorporate one-hundred and fifty directors, and 700 individuals who chip away at an everyday schedule. Each state has two administrators who supervise the administration progress of the organization so as to suggest the fundamental measures. The organization is anticipating improve the administrations it gives so as to help lessen the monetary misfortunes ascribed by fire flare-up. Method of reasoning The Panorama Firefighters Company understood the need of assessing wellbeing preparing after a colossal fire episode that prompted the demise of five representatives who take a shot at a consistent schedule. The passing of the representatives

Dickinson Vs Whitman Essays - American Christians, Brooklyn Eagle

Dickinson Vs Whitman Two Poets, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are likely two of the most persuasive individuals in American verse. They are viewed as the organizers current American verse. Walt Whitman (1819-1892), for the time was kicking off something new with his different, vivacious stanza concerning topic, structure and style in the case of discussing disregarded items in nature, for example, a solitary piece of sod or even our own hearing. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) while carrying on with an existence of withdrawal, never truly leaving her origin, was audacious inside. She was very much perused in English writing, frequently profoundly investigating her own contemplations. While Dickinson and Whitman are alluded to as the originators of current American verse, they are strikingly extraordinary. While Whitman's sonnets are enormous and sweeping, the lines long and outwardly engaging, Dickinson's works, conversely, are exceptionally packed, pressing snapshots of extraordinary feelings and thought into tight four line verses which agreement feeling and gather thought. If one somehow managed to contrast Whitman's Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and works of Dickinson's, for example, After an incredible torment, a conventional inclination comes And Remorse-is Memory-Awake, the distinctions with respect to the utilization of words to pass on sentiments or feelings gets obvious between the two artists. In Crossing Brooklyn Ferry Whitman endeavors to rise above time and spot, ?The comparable qualities of the past and those of things to come?. This turns out to be much progressively obvious when the subsequent refrain is perused, when he talks about others, ?Others will enter the entryways of the ship and cross from shore to shore, Others will watch the run of the flood-tide, Others will see the transportation of Manhattan north and west, and the statures of Brooklyn toward the south and east. It is here that Whitman straightforwardly connects with his crowd and later he says, ? Similarly as you feel when you look on the waterway and sky, so I felt?. He endeavors to separate limits, cancel contrasts, and dispense with separateness. Whitman is talking straightforwardly to us, at this very moment, ages later. He is likewise very clear on what heading he needs us to go as he maps it out easily with his words. Emily Dickinson, be that as it may, conversely doesn't spread out such a make way with her words. She plants them in the crowds' brain rather, similar to a seed, where, when thought about it will develop and perhaps then be comprehended. After incredible agony, a proper inclination comes is a genuine case of how she isn't exactly as clear as Whitman seems to be. She composes ?The firm Heart questions was it he, that drag, And yesterday, or hundreds of years prior? The peruser can not increase a feeling of what precisely she is discussing. ?This is the hour of lead-Remembered whether Outlived, As freezing people, recall the snow-First ?chill-then Stupor-then the gi ving up?. At the point when she composes Remorse-is Memory-alert she discusses the feeling or sentiment of regret lies in individuals' recollections and nobody can fix that feeling. ?Regret is Memory-wakeful Her gatherings all mix?, ?Its past-set down before the Soul? what's more, ?Remorse is cureless-the Disease Not even God-can recuperate For ?tis his establishment and The Adequate of damnation? One can see that Dickinson isn't as clear as Whitman and the feeling she places in her works is firmly compacted. One should frequently peruse her works a few times to additionally increase a comprehension of it. Whitman and Dickinson in spite of the fact that viewed as the pioneers in American innovation in verse still certainly contrast in their styles. Whitman is a lot of the pragmatist, painting an away from in the peruser's psyches of what he needs them to see, guiding them where to go. Dickinson is a greater amount of an impressionist, anticipating painstakingly picked words to her c anvas that read like a riddle that must be assembled first. English Essays

Interview Outline Free Essays

In life everybody has distinctive think and practices for the most part do to how an individual is brought up during youth, what they have seen during adolescence, or it is acquired through qualities that are given to them. I picked two individuals for my last paper, they happen to be a couple, their names are Lela and Jerry Hyles, they have been hitched for a long time they have no kids together yet they have many advance kids, Lela is 40 and Jerry is 58, the spouse is around eighteen years more youthful than her better half, They are both presently jobless they are handicapped to work. These individuals are my folks Lela is my mom and jerry is my progression father yet on the off chance that I need to pick one I would prefer to address the spouse rather than the husband since I have more contact with her than him the wife isn't just my mom however she is my closest companion. We will compose a custom article test on Meeting Outline or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now I settled on the choice of picking both a male and female for my meeting since people think somewhat better in certain circumstances, which I thought, may reveal a little insight into the contrast between the two sexual orientations and their reasoning. Inquiries Questions; 1. ) Does the interviewee incline toward concentrating in a library, or at home where there are foundation clamors and a few interruptions? 2. ) Has the individual you are meeting taken the Myers Briggs test? Report the outcomes. 3. ) Does the interviewee think these outcomes are precise? Why or Why not? 4. ) Which experience does this individual think contributed most in the advancement of their character? 5. Does this individual feel that the person is self-observing with respect to their perspectives? How or how not? 6. ) What does the interviewee feel was the most grounded effect on their disposition? 7. ) What job does your interviewee think a person’s race, sexual orientation, or ethnicity play while shaping that person’s character and mentalities? 8. ) Does this individual feel the person is better at undertakings when characteristically inspired or extraneously propelled? . ) The learning and memory process? 10. ) Does the interviewee recoll ect data all the more precisely in the event that he/she watches the conduct being performed? Truly I do have consent to address them on this paper. Likewise Instructor Michelle Hill I trust I done this task accurately. My reference: I got them from the inquiries from Appendix A that I will ask the questioners. †Final Project Overview. Step by step instructions to refer to Interview Outline, Papers

Project planning, management and control - Free Essay Example

Introduction: Project Management (BS 6079, 1996) is the planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the project objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality and performance. For any project to become a success, team work plays a major role. One of the most renowned and widely used practical and management team developments is the Belbin team roles. The argument from Belbin is that team composition plays a major factor in influencing the performance of the team (Water et al, 2008). The fundamental aspect of human existence is the working together as groups. The main purpose of this is to survive, adapt and thrive to different situations by using individuals intellect and co-operation (Riding and Rayner, 2001). The team roles are classified into organisational roles and the functional roles (Atkinson, 1999). A team role is a set of behaviours grouped in a cluster (Belbin, 1993). The main objective of this essay is to evaluate the teams performance based on the Belbin self perception theory discussing the teams roles, team life cycle and other aspects with respect to the project management exercise. Belbin Team Roles: Team roles are defined as a pattern of behaviour characteristic of the way in which one team member interacts with another (Belbin, 1981). Every individual will take preferred roles in the management exercises and the outcome purely depends on the balance in the team (Riding and Rayner, 2001). It is always a good team with a good balance of individuals will result in a good outcome and vice versa (Belbin, 1993). Belbin has differentiated nine team roles based on the behaviour of people and is classified by feeling, will power, thinking and decisiveness. In the Belbin later research, he added one more role called as SP (Specialist) which refers to single mindedness, acting always alone and dedicated to specialism. The main function of this role is that people will behave in a extremely silent, introvert and will not contribute other than their special interest areas. This is considered as the negligible contribution to the team (Atkinson, 1999). Belbin uses an instrument for quantifyi ng the team role preferences which is called as the Self Perception Inventory. This consists of 70 points by evaluating seven statements in each questions. For each question 10 statements are given and can be prioritised based on the individual behaviour in which 10 points can be distributed. In predicting the performance of the team Belbin succeeded based on the information from the role profiles of each member. In this view a team is balanced when each role appears in atleast one team members profile as high-scoring role (Atkinson, 1999). From the Henley workshops, Belbin was able to specify the composition of the team and arrived at conclusions. This was characterised by (Furnham, 1992): attributes of a leader are similar to chairman profile (CH) now called as Co-ordinator (CO) and the team should have a range of mental abilities which includes a person generating creative ideas and giving practical solutions to the problems encountered. The team should include one Completer Finisher (CF), Implementer (IM) and the members can suit the other team roles based on their personal characteristics and ultimately the team which can identify and improve on their competencies by doing mistakes is considered as the best team (Riding and Rayner, 2001). Teams Belbin profiles: For the project management exercise, the teams were divided based on the Belbin team roles. As said earlier, in a team it is must to have a Completer Finisher (CF) and Implementer (IM). The team were asked to choose from Team Workers (TW). Person having primary reference as Team Workers are few and so persons having secondary and tertiary references as Team Workers were called for choosing the team. Evaluating the team roles and functions: First, from the team balance sheet it is clear that the team has no primary references for SH, PL, RI, TW, CF and can be considered as scarce for the team. This team has three implementers (IM) which is good in terms of delivering the project fast. Having more implementers is not a problem in any team as they move towards implementing the project. But having more shapers is a problem because of their characteristics. Person 1 who is ME can act as a CF and TW because of his secondary and tertiary preferences. Person 1 shows major characteristics of ME because of the feasibility characteristics. In this exercise, person 1 is very much interested in calculating the Critical path, always analysing the situations, showing temperament and whenever anything goes out of plan again doing the critical path whether there is feasibility of completing the project on time. The main advantage with person 1 is that he maintains good temperament in all the situations even if it is good or bad. The disadvantages is that in some situations person 1 whose Belbin profile shows weakness as decision making is very true. Sometimes person 1 took some hasty decisions which have affected the teams profit (decision of choosing the manufacturing subcontractor). Always took more time in making next moves since the basic nature of ME is analysing situations. Sometimes person 1 also did the role of CF when it comes to planning the project. The project plan was for 140 days with 7 periods of 20 days. One of the persons in the team were modifying the plan for days and the person striked the number of resources and wrote the new allocation of resource. Person 1 thought that this can make confusions and he acted as a CF by rubbing of the resources and wrote the allocation as clear as possible so that everybody can understand. Person 2 who is CO acted as a RI and PL in the initial phase of the exercise. As depicted by Belbin, RI used to interact a lot with the external environment is very true. Person 2 whenever any problems are faced by the team, he used to interact more with the teacher understanding the problem and gives new ideas to solving the problem. Person 2 organises well with the resource facilities for the game with the flip charts, pens and other requirements for smooth functioning of the game. At only one stage person 2 acted as a CO in the decision of choosing suppliers. Person 2 behaves more as RI and PL in this exercise. Person 3 who is IM, SP and has two tertiary references as CO and ME has shown good characteristics of implementer role in this exercise. Sometimes person 3 behaves more as ME than CO which is good for the team, because one or more COs have different approaches for the project. Person 3 is always striving hard to implement the project on time and sometimes showed good character for team worker. Person 3 always strives hard to stick to the plan and whenever plan changes, organises well for implementing the plan. The disadvantage is that this person lacks flexibility sometimes when it comes to implementation. Person 4 who is IM, secondary is CF and tertiary is SH initially has shown SH characteristics by challenging and arguing the facts that were made by the team. Person 4 is always interested in results and sometimes behaved as CO by taking decisions. Person 1 and 4 since showed shaper characteristics sometimes had difference of opinion but were well managed by team members. Person 4 showed good implementer characteristics in the final stages of the exercise. Person 5 who is IM, ME as secondary and CF as tertiary initially were helping the team with PL characteristics, sometimes RI when CO has to take decisions by going to the external world and discussing with people. Very sincere, hard working when it comes to implementation. Main advantage is that very well organised in implementing things, interested in sticking to the plan and sometimes resources were provided by him. Person 5 showed a major of Team Worker in many aspects because of the fact that TW always want to harmony among the teams. The team Belbins profiles helped a lot in choosing a balanced team and are 60% accurate with respect to our team. For a project to become a success, it is always helpful with people taking new roles under a good leadership. Finally, good team work will always succeed and makes the project success. Persons took roles which are not their primary, secondary or tertiary references sometimes worked out well and made benefits to the team but many of the times it failed. The people showed majority of the characteristics as depicted by Belbin and is helpful in the teams success. One important learning with Belbin self perception theory is that having two or more shapers in a team is dangerous and will lead to poor project management. It is always helpful to have one PL and one CO as their primary reference. Team Life Cycle: The basic behaviour of any team is that they are dynamic. As an individual, they can perform effectively but as a team they can fail and vice versa. Attention and maintenance are always required for the teams. The first person to bring a chart for teams progression is Tuckman. He has identified four stages in a teams development which are forming, storming, norming and performing (Kakabadse et al, 2004). In the forming stage, team members got to know about each other and started establishing their relationships. The learnings are based on the organisations culture and standards. Project task behaviours and interpersonal relationships are very important in binding the team together. In the storming stage, a person starts expressing the views and there is a chance of difference in opinion. Leadership challenges occur and may lead to rivalry between people because of their behaviours. Because of these conflicts, the main objective of the organisation cannot be met which lead to separation of groups. In the norming stage, groups will start gelling towards one another and each strengths and weaknesses can be known. The teams will set their standards and roles can be clearly defined at this stage. In the performing stage, actual team working takes place and people starts performing their tasks together. If the team loses the energy or support, then a stage called restoring or declining stage may follow. Further in this stage, the strengths, weaknesses of the team is analysed with respect to the task is discussed and learnings are recorded for effective project management in future. Evaluating the teams life cycle: In the project management exercise, different sets of problems are encountered by the team and creative solutions are identified to solve these problems. Some of the solutions clicked and some lead to major failures for the team. The forming stage provided opportunities for the new team to understand each other and gave different settings. When first given the exercise, some team members easily understood the process and some found difficult to understand the process. In the initial stages it took more time for the team to decide the strategy for proceeding with the project. Person 1, 3 expressed their views which were not agreed by the team whereas person 2, 4 had expressed their concerns which again not accepted by the team members. Finally, a conclusion has been made with the project plan and the identification of first, second and third critical paths are identified. This stage is all about trusting and building confidence on other team members. The team lacks leadership in this phase. A leader is clearly needed in this phase to provide direction and guidance (Lee, 2008). The storming stage provides openness for feelings and the team discusses the issues very seriously even if the point is not valid. The existing plan with respect to the actual working is modified and refined well. Person 1, 4 had conflicts in choosing the suppliers whether to go for delivery or quality. Person 2, 3 and 5 also contributed but a single decision has to be taken by the team. The team debated on these issues and finally person 1 compromised person 4 for going to a quality supplier by explaining with the fact which will not affect the delivery of the product. The teams weaknesses are that for first three periods did good jobs but didnt celebrate any success. The other weaknesses are builds, integration points between team members, conflicts within the team and sometimes role conflicts. In the norming stage, the teams had fewer conflicts and started communicating more effectively with others. The team emerged with good practices; loop integration exists because of better communication, the person understands their balance and develops their required skills and role clarity is clearly defined. Person 1 decision will be treated as final since some of the decisions worked out well in the earlier periods and didnt analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the decision which lead to a disaster in period 4, 5. The team didnt properly review the operation in a regular basis which also leads to a failure (not delivering the product on time). The team didnt celebrate success in this stage also. In the performing stage, since person 1 decision went wrong it is important for the team members to chip in with leadership and person start taking responsibilities for leadership which is a very good sign for the team. This allows rotation of leadership and helps team members to grow their own skills. The team started to treat seriously the views from team members as well as outside members which is done for the betterment of the project work. Finally, the team made a little profit and starts celebrating the success which has to be done earlier. In this stage it is always good to have an outsider to comment on the teams performance which helps in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the team. In the last stage, the team learnt their mistakes and starts working on improving individual competencies and the advantages of team work. Every individual is important for a team and it is the individuals who are building the team. The project management exercise can be done more effectively if the same team is given one more chance based on their learnings. The output required from this phase is the prevention of failures for a future project. Decision making procedures: The teams success depends on the decision making and it is the key factor in project management. The working definition of decision making (Ullman, 2006) is that Decision making is a process that commits resources to resolving an issue. Making a decision is not an event; it is a process for arriving at the correct decisions based on uncertain, incomplete, incomplete, inconsistent and evolving information. It is important for the team to get the best out of these results. In practice, every decision the team trying to make must address two issues: Merit decision quantitative way of taking the decision based on merits Acceptance decision acceptance by the people by the decision taken by the team. A decision is a choice made from several alternatives (Lewis, 2004). The decision is going to be effective when merit and acceptance are considered. For any decision the important criteria is to understand the problem and issues are to be clarified. Then as a team alternatives are generated and criteria are developed for robust decision making. The next important step is the evaluation part which tells the importance of the criteria. This also generates value to the alternatives that are developed for the criteria. Fuse is the next step in decision making which generates decision measures by evaluating process. The last stage is what to do next which reduces consensus, uncertainty, criteria and further revising the alternatives. Hence, (Ullman, 2006)A robust decision is the best possible choice, one found by eliminating all the uncertainty possible within available resources and then choosing with known and acceptable levels of satisfaction and risk. Some of the problems that are encountered during the decision making are team members have different judgement and their outcomes may be different due to different knowledge level, preferences. In order to evaluate a decision, managers have to choose a proper method (Fan Fu-Rong et al, 2008). Consultative approach is the most widely used approach for decision making. For handling group decision, the rules are shown in the below table 2. Evaluating the decision making procedures: Decisions taken in project management exercise by the team sometimes based on merit and sometimes based on acceptance and sometimes a combination of both. A consultative approach is followed when taking a decision. Initially for the first two decisions, it took more time for the team to understand the problem and team is not clear in the issues. The project delivery time is 140 days and the CPM shows that there is 285 days for the product to come out. A project plan is made for getting the product on time and it is always difficult to stick to the plan. Team members initially found difficult to generate alternatives for the decision and initially the team followed a consensus with team members. The first decision is based on merit as to reduce the lead time from 285 to 140 days. The teams weaknesses in the understanding phase are took more time for taking a decision, no clarity on problems, no criteria developed for taking the decision. Also, initially since team members are of diffe rent competencies it took time for gelling together. Then after the decision the team started to develop criteria for the decisions. The team in evaluating phase started to understand the importance of criteria developed and started generating alternatives for the criteria. One important thing is that decisions are always subject to change and it is important to review the earlier decisions. In the exercise, the team decided to go for good quality suppliers which actually paid very well for the team. When it comes to manufacturing sub contractors, due to cost pressure some compromise has to be made by the team and went ahead with the cheap sub contractor. The team took a risk but didnt work out well. The teams decision is partially a combination of merit and acceptance. The teams weakness in this stage is that it never had a backup plan till the failure has happened. In this stage, the resources are shuffled inorder to deliver the product on time which is a good move based on earlier decisions. But in actual practice it is difficult to execute as per the plan and is important to review the decisions as a team by d iscussing the merits and demerits of the team. In Fuse stage, the result from the earlier decisions gives the team of measuring the decisions. In the initial stage, Person 1 took the decision of going ahead with the good quality suppliers and convinced the team members, since it clicked the team went ahead with that persons decision for the future also. Every time when a decision is taken it is important to discuss as a team by evaluating the results of the decision and have a backup plan if that decision went wrong. During the periods 4, 5, 6 the teams took decisions in a fast, accurate way by learning from the mistakes earlier. It is important to learn from mistakes as a team. Finally, in the decide stage, the team started looking at the future in what has to be done next by reducing the uncertainty, refining the interpersonal skills. In this stage, the team started to work on a consensus basis. Even a single member points are taken seriously and started discussing the merits and demerits with refining the criteria. The team started to work on the alternatives and focus more towards for addressing the next issues. The team weakness in this stage, it is important to document the deliberation so that these failures cannot happen in the future. The key learning from the decision making procedures are decisions are subject to change and have to be reviewed consistently. Consensus approach has to be followed inorder to make a decision which can be based on merit and acceptance. Conflict within the team: Many organisations have changed to project management structures because of their inability to resolve conflicts. In a project life cycle, conflicts are part and parcel of life and can happen at any levels of the organisation. The project manager is often described as a conflict manager (Kerzner, 2001, 2009). Conflicts generally happen because of misunderstanding between team members and have different interpretations of companys objective. Inorder to avoid that, projects have to be defined in a clear way so that it can be understood by all the team members. Some people use SMART criteria for defining the project which says; S-Specific M-Measurable A-Attainable R-Realistic or Relevant T-Tangible or time bound (Kerzner, 2009). Time management is crucial in any project and it is important to manage time by avoiding conflicts. Some conflicts are relevant and provide valuable results. Most common types of conflict involve in the allocations of manpower resources, using the equipments and facilities, expenditure on capitals, cost and technical opinions and trade offs (Kerzner, 2001, 2009). Moreover the seven potential sources of conflicts are shown in the Fig 4. Goal, Plan and Belief conflicts are the three types of conflicts (Jain et al, 2007). If a conflict happens in a project, there are five different ways of resolving the conflicts which are shown in fig 5 which are confrontation, compromise, smoothing, forcing and withdrawal. Evaluation of conflicts: The team initially had conflicts in allocating the man power resources like employing in design, assemblers and testers. The team had a conflict over schedules in attaining the project on time. The team members person 1, 2 and 4 had difference of opinions in schedules and the resolution mode of compromise is used to resolve that issue. Person 1, 3, 4 had conflicts in priorities in choosing the suppliers. Person 1 suggested a supplier part can be taken just before the assembly but the team members took a decision by smoothing mode. In case if anything fails the team need to reorder again this may take time. Inorder for the project manager to be effective an understanding of how to work with various employees who must interface with the project is necessary (Kerzner, 2001, 2009). The various members in the team include upper management, functional managers etc and it is important to understand the sub ordinate and functional conflicts. The relationship between conflict causes and sourc es is shown in the figure 6. The teams strength is that none of the members in the team had personality conflict which is very important for project success. When deciding the manufacturing sub contractor person 1 suggested for a reliable sub contractor, but all the other members in the team are cost conscious in which person 1 and other members had a conflict over cost. The teams choice of choosing a good quality supplier had a conflict with other members which is a functional conflict provides good benefits for the team in terms of quality, time and cost. During the period 3, 4 the team members had a conflict of allocating the inspectors which is the conflict over schedule and had a good result during the period. But during the period 5, the team had a conflict on schedule in resource allocation of assemblers but not with the inspectors. All the five resolution modes of conflicts are used for resolving conflicts in almost all the stages. The team weaknesses include conflicts have to happen and has to be resolv ed systematically. But as a team, conflicts at the initial stages of the project give good results and when it comes to final stages conflicts started coming down. The figure 7 shows the conflict intensity in the team during the project life cycle. The key learnings from the project management exercise are that time management is important and the conflicts have to be resolved within the time. Team members have to understand the sub ordinate and their opinions and have to be evaluated inorder to get a good result in the project. It is important to have a plan for resolving conflicts in the planning phase itself. Constant communication of the project objectives to the team members will help in minimising or even eliminating the conflicts. Sometimes direct contact with people will reduce the conflicts. In project management hierarchical issues are to be resolved and there shall not be any domination from the project manager or the functional mangers. Companywide policies can be adapted for resolving the conflict issues for smooth functioning of the project. Role clarities have to be clear which will reduce the conflicts. Team Leadership: Team leadership is one of the main aspects in the project success. In any projects, leadership becomes a problem because project management involves group of people who are frequently in interaction for a specific project. The following tasks are required for a leader to achieve the tasks; Tasks are defined and shall be achieved Team shall be build and can be properly co-ordinated Leader shall satisfy individual team members Task needs It is important for the leader to clearly define the objectives of the project and leadership shall aim at achieving these goals. Team needs The element of leadership shall hold the team together inorder to produce efficient results for the project. If the team have conflicts, then it is the leader who has to convince the team members effectively. Individual needs The performance and contributions of the project by every member of the team have to be understood by the leader and sometimes can reward for good work (Reiss, 1995). From the moment the leadership is taken it is important for the leader to ensure that the project is heading in correct direction (Heerkens, 2002). The biggest problem that a leader is facing in the project management is that managing the anxieties which were developed by the team members. Sometimes if it is not evaluated may lead to slow down the project and work output. The anticipation by the leaders when questioned by the team members are: Whats in it for me? What will be expected out of me? What will life on your team like? (Heerkens, 2002) Evaluation of team leadership: In the project management exercise, the team leadership was with no one and totally a team effort. But it is always important to have a leader for the team for the above reasons stated. Sometimes Person 1 took the leadership in choosing the suppliers, sub contractors, person 2 took the leadership in periods 4, 5 of the project. Person 4 took the leadership in the periods 6, 7 and person 3 during the period 2 of the project. The teams strength is that everybody in the team understands the leadership attitudes which are important for project success. The anxieties by the team members can be reduced by having conversations within the team. The team members frequently had meeting openly for achieving the following: Project objectives were reviewed (the true need for the project) and the justifications were explained as a team (benefits). Project planning and its proposal were reviewed (the solution) and the team leader took a decision for the preferred approach. Initially the team faced problems of leadership and all members expressed their views and constraints. Roles and responsibilities are not clarified clearly by functional categorisation which leads to some problems within the team. This is considered as one of the teams weaknesses. It is important to honestly characterise the style of leadership (free, open, trusting, reacting to situations) The leader has to explain the expectations that are required from the team members regarding the delivery by frequent conducting of meetings. Communication plays a major role in leadership and the leader has to explain the behaviour style. (Adopted from Heerkens, 2002 Modified for Project Management exercise). The team initially went ahead with no leader and later person characterised by Belbin as CO started taking leadership which was helpful for the team. The team had good mutual relationships with other members and used visual charts when sketching the plan, reviewing the plan. Professional ethics are maintained throughout the project which is the biggest advantage for the project success. Celebration of project milestones and its success are very important to improve the morale of the members is considered to be one of the team weaknesses. Any team before starting the project must have a leader and it is the leader who assigns the roles and responsibilities of the team members clearly. One of the main leadership qualities is the flexibility in their approach, style in adapting to the situations, communications with the team members. It is not always necessary that leader should have technical skills, but a little amount of knowledge in the particular field is sufficient for managing the project. Conclusion: Organisational behaviour is very important for project management and using Belbin profiles in dividing the organisation is helpful in achieving the objectives. Team work is important for the project to succeed and lies on every individual of the team. It is important for the leader to motivate the members and constantly encourage them for the effective functioning of project teams. Belbin team life cycle shows that evolution of teams and tells the effective functioning of teams. The decision making procedures are important for projects success and has to be reviewed consistently. Project planning is considered to be the important phase in project management and plan gives only the direction. It is important for the team to learn from mistakes. Introduction TVS Motors is the third largest two wheeler manufacturers in India and one among the top ten in the world with annual turnover of more than USD 1 billion 2008-2009 and is the flagship company of the USD 4 billion TVS group. The company has four plants located in Hosur and Mysore in South India, Himachel Pradesh in North India and one in Indonesia. The company has a production capacity of 2.5 million units per year. TVS strength lies in the design and development of new products. TVS delivers total customer satisfaction by anticipating customer needs and presenting quality vehicles at the right time and right price. The customer and his ever changing need is our continuous source of imspiration.TVS always stood for innovative, easy to handle, environment friendly products, backed by reliable customer service. TVS manufactures a wide range of products as shown below. Motorcycles Apache RTR, Flame DS 125, Flame, Jive, Star City, Sport Variomatic Scooters Wego, Scooty Streak, Pep+, Teenz Mopeds TVS XL Super, TVS XL Heavy Duty Step thrus TVS Neo, Rockz (TVS Motors, 2010). The main objective of this essay is to evaluate the project management of a sub system (Fit and Finish Engineering section part of RD) in the TVS Motors and suggesting improvement points for betterment of the project management. Organisation Structure Any organisation exists to achieve the objectives by maintaining good relationships with its customers and its employees. The main objective of organisation is profitability. TVS Motor Company Mission Statement We are committed to being a highly profitable, socially responsible, and leading manufacturer of high value for money, environment friendly, life time personal transportation products under the brand, for customers predominantly in Asian markets and to provide fulfilment and prosperity for employees, dealers and suppliers. (TVS Motors, 2010). TVS Motors has various departments and each department based on their requirements uses different organisation structures. The most widely used organisation structures in TVS Motors are, Mechanistic structure Functional organisation Product / Project organisation Matrix Organisation (Bresnen, 1990). In this essay, the main focus will be on the fit and finish engineering section which is a part of RD and the various tools, techniques that are used by that section for project management. Objectives and factors of project management The objectives of project management related directly to the project are: Functional satisfaction Aesthetic satisfaction Completion on time Completion within budget Value for money (Walker, 2007). Design Brief In this essay, a product is taken from TVS Motors and is evaluated with respect to Fit and Finish Engineering section in the aspects of project management. Project brief (Young, 2007) is the summary document that contains the foundation design for the project. A clear definition of the project is critical to success. There are five essential documents required for defining a project and are: A statement of requirements A stakeholder list A project brief A scope of work assessment A risk assessment (Young, 2007) The key words in the project brief which is taken from TVS are, Male, self employed urban commuter bike Learning points The main learning points that can be incorporated in the design brief are that it should define all the requirements and constraints. In this design brief the requirements are not clearly defined in the case like as per style sign off, same as earlier product which can be converted into an objective requirement in terms of cost, performance and time scale for better clarity of understanding the product. TVS faced layout constraints in the pillion handle when using the same part for the new product which can be mentioned for better understanding of the product. The product definition document is reviewed on a continuous basis and the changes are made which are to be communicated for designers to ensure smooth functioning of the project. Project management process TVS Motors follow a project management process similar to the figure 11. Every project life cycle has various activities and phases which are the definition phase for defining the objective, analysis phase for recruitment and budget, synthesis phase for targets, plans and schedule, implementation phase for monitoring, re-scheduling and the completion phase for review, evaluation and storing the relevant data. Communication and negotiation skills are definitely required for a project manager. Project Planning Project manager description is to bring a project to completion on time, within the budget cost, and to meet the planned performance or end product goals (Simpson, 1987). These tasks are assumed to have performance or end product goals clear and are well defined in advance. The project manager has to prepare a solid plan and has to be followed for the projects success (Dvir et al, 2003). When defining the project plan there are three basic needs required which are the quality, time and the cost. Many projects have failed due to the inadequate understanding of customer requirements, revenue or profit. The methodology of practical project management is shown in figure 12. Project manager has to decide the plan for the project and based on his priorities one can take decision aligning with the organisational objectives. Project has to be defined based on the SMART methodology (S-Specific, M-Measurable, A Achievable, R Resource Driven, T Trackable). Then allocate the resources by splitting into IPTs (Integrated Project Teams) by following a project business process according to the organisation objectives. The IPT can be either a high performance IPT or a good IPT. These people are responsible for the understanding customers needs till the lead time of the product. The success of the product depends on these IPTs and headed by project manager. As said earlier, planning is very important for any project and is made by using a technique called Structured Decomposition or Work Breakdown Structure. This helps in successful interface with other people and assigns responsibilities, the size and completeness of the project. Build a project schedule based on the WBS. Keep tracking of the activities that are held and plan for further actions to bring the product at the right time. Based on these project milestones, a design and development plan is arrived and is shown in figure 14. Design and Development plan consists of list of parts, the various stages that it has to undergo, part numbers and the planned, actual dates of completion. The techniques used widely are Gantt charts and WBS. Management styles There are two types of management styles depending on the project used in TVS Motors. They are the: Reactive management style in which project managers work towards achieving the goals and objectives. This is a short range project perspective Proactive management style long range perspectives are taken in the earlier by considering the risk, contingency plans. It is always better to use proactive management style in a project management. Project planning tools and learnings Work Breakdown Structure: Planning, monitoring and managing all the facets of the project can be done by Work Breakdown structure. The project facets that are done in TVS using WBS are: Work definition Estimation of cost Budgeting Estimation of time Scheduling Allocation of resources Expenditures Changes to the project plan Productivity Performance (Rad and Anantatmula, 2005) The key learning points in WBS or Structured Decomposition is that division change of each level has to be from the following: ÃÆ'Â ¼ Deliverables ÃÆ'Â ¼ Schedules ÃÆ'Â ¼ Resources The following table shows the transition of each level by using any of the above three as the base. Work Breakdown Structure Gantt Charts: TVS Motors uses Gantt chart for displaying the plan and is the most widely used project management tool. Gantt chart helps the manager for concentrating the objectives, avoiding delays and to concentrate on the attention and promises made for the project. It is helpful for the following: Whole process is considered for planning and controlling for its horizon. Gantt charts are based on providing solutions for which the plan is constructed. Scheduling can be done day to day basis for accurate planning and control. (Wilson, 2003). A key feature of Gantt chart was its focus on systemic rather than algorithmic solutions to utilisation problems (Wilson, 2003). There are few more techniques of project management that are used in TVS Motors are Critical Path Method and PERT which are not used in RD Fit and Finish Engineering Section. Gantt charts are to reviewed and updated regularly for continuous monitoring of the project. The benefits of project management that Gantt charts result in are: Project cost control and decrease in time scale Co-ordination and planning of expenditures Idle time elimination (Gantt chart, 2010). The key learning points are: TVS Motors Design and Development Plan can be updated as shown in the figure 16 so that the project can be tracked easily. DD plan has to be reviewed and updated frequently. It is difficult to stick to the plan but considering the variance, the plan has to be provided. Project control entails continuous monitoring of project progress and has to be taken up from the early stages of the project. More focus shall be on the details of the project. The responsibility of controlling the project lies with the project manager. CPM can be used for allotting the man power resources for the project which can be key factor. (Frame, 2003). Integrated Project Teams: The key learning is that IPTs can be formed by using Belbin profiles. TVS Motors in RD Fit and Finish Engineering Section, Belbin profiles are used for identifying the strengths and weakness of the particular member and are not used for assigning the project. In a team a project manager has to be CO with one or two SH, one CF, one ME and two to three IM which will be a perfect project team mix for the success of the project. Project Cost Management Cost management is a process used to minimise the cost of the project while maintaining acceptable levels of quality as well as the scope of the deliverables for the duration of the project (Rad, 2002). This involves estimating the resources cost including the people, equipment, materials, travels and other details. After analysing these details, budgeting and tracking are done for costs to maintain the project within the budget. The most common causes of project failure are that sponsor wants to finish the project in certain time, certain job within the budget. The relationship between the four constraints of PCTS is that C = f {P, T, S} Cost is a function of time, performance and scope. (Lewis, 2007) Terminologies for cost estimation TVS TVS Motors uses various terminologies for estimating costs and are: Absorption costs Below the line costs Cost escalation Direct costs Cost of sales General and administrative costs Indirect costs Labour burden Materials burden Overhead rate Prime cost Standard costing Variance (Lock, 2007) Assumptions in cost estimating In TVS Motors, the following assumptions are made while estimating the cost and are: The starting date and the finishing date are to be planned Deliverables are in the form of hardware, software, documents, spares, training, support and warranty Locations are based on work, customer and delivery Testing, prototype and customer acceptance level Requirements from quality and reliability Inflation and exchange rates, raw material increase Assumptions based on productivity Rates of overhead These assumptions are properly documented at the start of the project for effective functioning of project management. Cost Estimating process Develop the WBS For projects in TVS, initially selling price will be decided and then an overall vehicle price which is then split into many subsystems of a two wheeler. Schedule the tasks After arriving at the WBS, tasks will be scheduled for achieving the target cost plan Retrieve Historic Cost Data All the benchmark costs are taken from the earlier products Develop Cost relationships Then a relationship is obtained from the overall vehicle comparing the earlier to the new project. Allow for learning TVS follows a continuous learning cycle and it is important to review from the each part cost Identify skills and Wage rates Develop labour and material costs Develop overhead and Administration costs Apply escalation and inflation Estimate calculation Analyse, adjust and support for the costs Publish the cost results Cost target sheet for style parts in TVS After estimating for the overall vehicle, the cost will be split into various subsystems and the following figure shows a typical cost sheet for style parts. Cost will be estimated based on parametric estimating, cost estimating. Indexing, cost capacity and factorial estimating are rarely used in TVS. Cost estimating is the most accurate method for calculating costs and is used for arriving the cost of each part either based on benchmarks or from the earlier product. The table has part number, part description, material used, finish (painting or texturing), volume, surface area and mass. Then for the earlier products technical specifications of volume, surface area and mass will be there. Then based on the overall project estimate a cost target will be assigned for that particular part and the design has to be within that cost. Design to Target cost is becoming important and more weightage are given for target cost. For any product, it has three costs basically the raw material cost, the manufacturing cost and the labour cost for each part. Costs are calculated on that basis for each of the parts based on the mass of each part. Raw material costs since it is a varying one, for target cost raw materials cost are taken on that particular date and published. Cost profiles In the design phase, the cost increases in the early stages and finally when it comes to the next stage design stage will be constant, whereas in the manufacturing part it increases gradually because this involves tooling cost, raw materials cost which is not a constant one. In the materials phase, the cost will be stagnant when starting for mass production, the stocks will be taken up and then the flow will be a constant one and then again it increases. Regarding the management and overhead cost it is an exponential curve as shown in the figure 21. Potential sources of Estimating error There are many causes for estimating error in a project. Some of the causes of estimating error in TVS Motors are inflation or escalation in raw material price which can be controlled by adjustment in price or agreeing for a variation in price. An exchange rate plays a major role in estimating error which can be taken up by opting forward in currency foreign rates. Inexperience in estimating errors can be solved by hiring consultants, training. Clarity in design brief also plays a major role which can be solved by force clarification. Overdesign can be taken upfront in design which can be solved by Value Analysis tools. Cost sign off has to be done before starting the design. Supplier quotes and the suppliers have to be finalised at the early stages of design. Risk and uncertainty can be taken up by rigorous analysis of risk management. Learning points Cost collection has to be accurate and effective while fixing the design cost. Proper analysis of past products has to be considered. Work Breakdown structure has to be perfectly done. Process has to be tried and tested with respect to people, behaviour and teams. Discipline is an important aspect with defined process and stick to the plan while execution. New innovative works are always dealt in order to create wonders in the project. Cost estimation can be done by Earned Value Analysis (EVA) which can be taken as an effective input for TVS Motors. Risk Management Project risk is defined as undesired events that may cause delays, excessive spending, unsatisfactory project results, safety or environmental hazards and even total failure As an experienced project manager there is no risk free project (Raz et al, 2002). Risk management is the means by which uncertainty is systematically managed to increase the likelihood of meeting the project objectives. Systematic is the key word because more disciplined the approach the more the risks can be managed (Verzuh, 2003). Often risks can be taken but has to be manageable risks. In TVS Motors, risk management plays a vital role and is important to consider all the risks related to design and development process. It is not about negative thoughts but it is the accurate way of running the project for better results (PPMC Notes, 2010). Advantages of risk management TVS Unexpected problems always arise in any project and are important for the project manager to get ready for this. In TVS Motors related to Fit and Finish Engineering Section RD the various risks can be input from other departments, manpower allocation, design iterations, over design etc which ultimately affects the lead time of the project. Known unknowns represents identified potential problems like discussed earlier Unknown unknowns which are the real threat for the project if this issue can be predicted then it will give good results in project management (Verzuh, 2003). Relationship between risk and project management TVS In the definition phase, the project is defined based on the business objectives. Then comes the planning phase, which contains two parts risk management and scheduling. In this phase, project deliverables, WBS are arrived. It is important to have a risk management plan and then to the control phase which executes the risk plan and identifying the new risks. It is a continuous learning cycle and based on the new risk opportunities the risk management plan is updated. Methodology and contentions in risk management TVS The following five practices are followed in TVS for risk analysis and are: 1) Risk identification is done systematically based on documentation reviews, SWOT analysis and experience from the earlier products. 2) A risk when it is captured the likelihood of that risk is analysed and the consequences are studied. 3) To prevent the possibility of adverse or consequent effects, a risk contingency plan is made for uncertainty. 4) A detailed risk mitigation plan is made by proper method of trade off analysis. 5) The project manager is considered as the risk manager (Raz et al, 2002). Role of project management in NPI Project management consists of several activities which market research is the first one followed by technical and production activities. Risks will be increased when a new project goes through several phases. There is a more chance of risk in technical activities compared to marketing and other activities. It is better to have low risk when it comes to final stages of the project as shown in the figure 26. Risk analysis TVS Risk analysis is done systematically in TVS by considering the ratings for severity, prevention control and occurrence as shown in the table. Learning points Risk management is a very important aspect of project management and has to be incorporated in TVS NPI process as a stage gate process. Team work and communication plays a major role in risk management and has to be effectively done for better efficiency of project management. The purpose of risk management is to bring the product on time with cost and quality as the backbones. Blame culture has to be removed in project management. Risk mitigation plan shall be incorporated for each aspect of the risk analysis in TVS. Risk contingency plan shall be incorporated if the risks are manageable and take proactive measures. Mitigation activity has to be incorporated directly to the project plan. Contingency plans and the contingent mitigation plans are held against the risk plan and when an impact occurs contingency plans shall be moved. Then, the implemented contingency plan becomes a part of project plan. Thorough reviewing of risk management is required and it is important to take the learning points for the next project. Based on the benchmark data or previous risks, the risk plans for the new project can be taken up for identifying the bottleneck resources. Suppliers, Manufacturers and Purchase team members have to own their risk plans and has to be given to TVS. Unused risk provisions shall be given with great care for the full impact of cost of remaining risks. It is the responsible of a project manager to have full ownership of the risk mitigation and risk contingency plans. Conclusion Thus, project management plays a major role in any organisation and is one of the important aspects in attaining the business objectives. Project management gives equal importance to quality, cost and delivery. In TVS, project management principles are followed widely throughout the organisation and a part of it related to Fit and Finish Engineering Section of RD is taken as the case study. The learning points and the take away points are discussed for better functioning of project management related to project planning, organisation structure, project cost management and risk management. References Atkinson, R. (1999). Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project Management , Vol 17 (6), pp 337-342. Belbin, R. (1981). Management Teams: Why they succeed or fail. London: Heinemann. Belbin, R. (1993). Team Roles at Work. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bresnen, M. (1990). Organising construction: project organisation and matrix management. Worcester: Mike Bresnen. BS6079. (1996). British Standards in Project Management 6079. Dvira, D. Razb,T.,Shenharch.A.J., (2003). An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success. International Journal of Project Management , Vol 21 (2), pp 89-95. Fan Fu-Rong, Zhao Xi-Nan, Wang Q.Mang, (2008). A model of project evaluation based on group decision making. Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 2008, CCDC 2008, p 2005-2008, 2008, Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 2008, CCDC 2008 . Frame, J.D (2003). Managing Projects in Organisation: How to make the best use of time, techniques and people (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Gantt Chart Project management resources. [online], https://www.visitask.com/gantt-chart.asp [accessed on 14th January 2010] Heerkens, G. (2002). Project Management. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies. Jain, V., Benyoucef,L.,Deshmukh,S.G., (2007). A new approach to model goal and plan conflicts in a dynamic supply chain. 2007 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, SOLI, 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, SOLI . Kakabadse, A. Bank,J.,Vinnicombe,S., (2004). Working in Organisations (2nd ed.). Hants, Burlington: Andrew Kakabadse, John Bank, Susan Vinnicombe. Kerzner, H. (2001). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. New York: John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (10th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Kliem, R. Ludin,I.S., Robertson,K.L. (1997). Project Management Methodology: A practical guide for the next millenium. New York: Marcel Dekker. Lee, E. (2008). Forming to Performing: Transitioning Large-Scale Project Into Agile. Agile Conference 2008 , pp 106-111. Lewis, J. (2007). Fundamentals of Project Management. New York: AMACOM. Lewis, J. (2004). Team Based Project Management. Washington: James P.Lewis. Lock, D. (2007). Project Management (9th ed.). Hampshire: Gower Publishing Company. Loosemore, M. Raftrey,J.,Reilly,C., (2006). Risk management in projects. Oxon, Newyork: Taylor Francis. Orr, A. (2004). Advanced Project Management A complete guide to the key processes, models and techniques. London Sterling: Kogan Page Ltd. Project Planning,Management and Control Module Notes, (2009). Rad, P.F. (2005). Project Planning Techniques. Vienna: Management Concepts Inc. Rad, P.F. (2002). Project estimating and cost management. Vienna: Managements Concepts Inc. Raz, T, Shenhar,A.J, Dvir,D., (2002). Risk management, project success and technological uncertainty. R D Management , Vol 32 (2), pp 101-109. Reiss, G. (1995). Project Management Demystified: Todays Tools and Techniques. London: Routledge. Riding, R.J, Rayner,S.G (2001). International Perspectives on Individual Differences (Vol. II). USA: Richard J.Riding and Stephen G.Rayner. Simpson, WD. (1987). New techniques in software project management. New York: John Wiley. Ten Haaf, W. Bikker,H., Adriaanse,D.J., (2002). Fundamentals of Business Engineering and Management: A Systems Approach to People and Organisations,. Delft: DUP Science. TVS Motors TVS Motor Company Limited. [online]. https://www.tvsmotor.in/tvsbrief.asp [accessed on 12th January 2010]. Ullman, D. (2006). Making robust decisions:decision management for technical, business and service teams (1st ed.). Victoria: David Ullman. Verzuh, E. (2003). The portable MBA in project management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Walker, A. (2007). Project Management in Construction (5th ed.). Oxford, Malten, Victoria: Blackwell Publishing. Water, H.V.D., Ahaus,K.,Rozier,R.,. (2008). Team roles, team balance and team performance. Journal of Management Development , Vol 27 (5), pp 499-512. Wilson, J.M (2003). Gantt charts: A centenary appreciation. European Journal of Operational Research , Vol 149 (2), pp 430-437. Young, T. (2007). Handbook of Project Management: A Practical Guide to Effective Policies, Techniques and Process (2nd ed.). London: Philadelphia Kogan Page.

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What is The Problem with the US Correctional Systems

Prisoners in Our Corrections In California, legal executions were authorized under the Criminal Practice Act of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areas as it relate to inmate as well as for the community. Why is it one of the Colorado prisons important to our correctional system? Why are†¦show more content†¦Also, inmates have the right of the First Amendment such as freedom of speech or press, the right of the people peaceably to assemble, establishing of religion and redress of grievances. Because of the preferred position of this amendment, it is surprising that some of the early prisoners’ rights cases concerned rights protected by it consist of access to reading materials, and freedom of religious practice, according to the book. Another Prisoners’ rights that have been issue under the Fourth Amendment, and it states that, â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall be issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized†. According to civilrights.findlaw.com, the fourth amendment was designed to protect areas of privacy from government intrusion such as searches. Nonetheless, offenders entering a correctional institution, prisoners surrender most of their rights of privacy. 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Mc Donald’s and Hindu Culture free essay sample

What lessons does the experience of McDonald’s in India hold for foreign fast food chance and retails stores? Answer 1: Not only McDonald’s but also the other companies want to develop their business outside their counties, what they have to do first is to study and survey the countries they want to invest. Like this case, McDonald’s already knew cow is considered sacred and there are about 50% of the people are vegetarian in India, and McDonald’s already changed their menu to meet their culture. However, a worldwide famous fast food store, McDonald’s, deceived and destroyed their fame. In addition, they also have to pay 10 millions for lawsuit. Thus, to learn the culture, understand the culture and meet the culture are the import lessons to win the business. Question 2: Is there anything that McDonald’s could have done to have foreseen or better prepared itself for the negative publicity associated used beef extract in the frying oil? Answer 2: In the frying oil case, first McDonald’s matter-of-course had sincerely apology all the people in India, they promised there won’t have the similar case happen again, and they will fully respect Indian culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Mc Donald’s and Hindu Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Second, they already had a group of people to study India culture deeply, and to research the proper food for Indians. Third, clearly indicate the â€Å"Nutrition Facts† for each meal. Finally, they paid 10 millions for lawsuit and lost their trust from McDonald’s. Question 3: How far should a firm such as McDonald’s go in localizing its product to account for culture differences? At some point, might it not lose disadvantage by doing so? Answer 3: Since McDonald’s want to develop its business in India, they definitely have to meet Indian’s culture because their target consumer is the middle class of the second biggest population (12 billion) in the world. If McDonald’s want to gain a big profit, they have to adjust their business strategy because their market is in India. As all the people know, McDonald’s is an American fast food chain store where supply American food such as French fries, Coca Cola, and Hamburger. McDonald’s won’t lose their advantages like fast service, clean environment, safe playground and â€Å"Happy Meal† for kids as well as the clear restroom which Indian like, if their food can fit in with local people. According to the Financial Times, McDonald’s are going to open 2 vegetarian restaurants, one is in Amritsar which is the holiest site of Indian’s minority, and the other is in Katra which is the second busiest pilgrimage place in India. MFY† (Made for You) food preparation platform is an unique concept for the 2 outlets to emphasize McDonald’s make the food as your order, quickly, safety food, healthful. Furthermore, McDonald’s will open double stores of current 271 in next 3 years in India. After the French fries oil case, McDonald’s did have learned a lesso n to make the food to conform the local’s market and culture.